Introduction

High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission has emerged as a critical enabler for modern power systems, offering significant advantages over traditional AC transmission for specific applications. As the energy landscape shifts towards long-distance bulk power transfer, the integration of remote renewable energy sources, and the interconnection of asynchronous grids, HVDC technology provides unparalleled efficiency, control, and stability. Unlike AC systems that experience reactive power losses and stability limits over long distances, HVDC systems minimize transmission losses, enable precise power flow control, and facilitate grid interconnection without synchronization challenges. The continuous advancements in HVDC Systems and Converter Technologies are revolutionizing how electricity is transmitted, making it an indispensable tool for developing a more resilient, efficient, and sustainable global energy infrastructure. Without a deep understanding of HVDC Systems and Converter Technologies, power system professionals will find it challenging to address the evolving demands of an interconnected and decarbonizing grid. This comprehensive training course focuses on equipping professionals with the expertise to master HVDC Systems and Converter Technologies.

This intensive 10-day training course is meticulously designed to empower electrical engineers, power system planners, grid operators, researchers, and project managers with the theoretical understanding and hands-on practical tools necessary to design, analyze, and operate HVDC systems effectively. Participants will gain a deep understanding of the fundamental principles of HVDC transmission, differentiate between various converter technologies (LCC and VSC), learn about the intricate control and protection schemes, and acquire skills in modeling and simulating HVDC links for diverse applications. The course will delve into topics such as Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs), multi-terminal HVDC systems, offshore wind farm integration, grid code compliance for HVDC, DC circuit breakers, and the economic and environmental considerations of HVDC projects. By mastering the principles and practical application of HVDC Systems and Converter Technologies, participants will be prepared to contribute significantly to the planning, deployment, and optimization of future large-scale power transmission projects, unlocking new possibilities for clean energy delivery and grid stability.

Duration: 10 Days

Target Audience

• Electrical Engineers (Transmission & Substation)
• Power System Planners and Designers
• Grid Operators and Dispatchers
• Project Managers for Transmission Projects
• Renewable Energy Developers (especially offshore wind)
• Research and Development Engineers
• Graduate Students in Power Systems
• Consultants in Energy Infrastructure
• Equipment Manufacturers (Power Electronics)
• Utility Asset Management Personnel

Objectives

• Understand the fundamental principles of HVDC transmission and its advantages over AC.
• Learn about the main components and configurations of HVDC systems.
• Acquire skills in analyzing Line Commutated Converters (LCC) and their operation.
• Comprehend techniques for applying Voltage Source Converters (VSC), especially MMCs.
• Explore strategies for controlling active and reactive power flow in HVDC links.
• Understand the importance of harmonics and filtering in HVDC systems.
• Gain insights into protection schemes and DC circuit breakers for HVDC.
• Develop a practical understanding of multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) systems.
• Learn about modeling and simulation of HVDC links using specialized software.
• Master the integration of HVDC with renewable energy sources like offshore wind.
• Acquire skills in assessing the economic and environmental aspects of HVDC projects.
• Understand the role of HVDC in enhancing power system stability.
• Explore advanced control algorithms for improved HVDC performance.
• Develop proficiency in addressing operational challenges of HVDC systems.
• Prepare to contribute to the design and implementation of next-generation HVDC solutions.

Course Content

Module 1: Introduction to HVDC Transmission

• History and evolution of HVDC technology.
• Comparison of AC vs. DC transmission: advantages and disadvantages.
• Key applications of HVDC: long-distance bulk power transfer, submarine cables, asynchronous interconnections.
• Types of HVDC links: monopolar, bipolar, back-to-back, homopolar.
• Overview of HVDC system components and configurations.

Module 2: HVDC System Components

• Converter stations: rectifiers and inverters.
• Converter transformers: special design considerations.
• Smoothing reactors: purpose and sizing.
• AC and DC harmonic filters: types and design principles.
• Overhead lines, submarine cables, and grounding electrodes.

Module 3: Line Commutated Converters (LCC - HVDC Classic)

• Principles of operation of 6-pulse and 12-pulse thyristor converters.
• Commutation process and commutation failure analysis.
• Control characteristics: constant current control, constant extinction angle control.
• Reactive power requirements and compensation for LCC HVDC.
• Harmonics generated by LCCs and filtering strategies.

Module 4: Voltage Source Converters (VSC - HVDC Light/Plus)

• Principles of operation of VSC technology.
• Comparison of VSC vs. LCC: advantages (independent active/reactive power control, black start capability, no commutation failure) and disadvantages.
• Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques for VSCs.
• Applications of VSC: weak AC systems, offshore wind, urban in-feeds.
• Harmonic performance of VSCs.

Module 5: Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC)

• Architecture and operation of the Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC).
• Sub-modules: half-bridge, full-bridge, and their characteristics.
• Advantages of MMC: scalability, low harmonics, fault tolerance, high efficiency.
• Control strategies for MMC: circulating current suppression, DC voltage balancing.
• Current trends and widespread adoption of MMC in new HVDC projects.

Module 6: HVDC Control and Operation

• Hierarchical control structure of HVDC systems.
• Master control, pole control, and converter control.
• Active power control modes: constant power, constant current, frequency control.
• Reactive power and voltage control strategies.
• Starting and stopping procedures for HVDC links.

Module 7: HVDC System Protection

• Fault types in HVDC systems: DC line faults, converter faults, AC system faults.
• Protection philosophy and coordination with AC system protection.
• DC circuit breakers: conventional, solid-state, and hybrid types.
• Overcurrent, overvoltage, and differential protection for HVDC components.
• Fault ride-through capabilities of HVDC systems.

Module 8: Multi-Terminal HVDC (MTDC) Systems

• Concepts and benefits of MTDC: increased flexibility, grid reinforcement.
• Topologies for MTDC: series, parallel, and hybrid connections.
• Control challenges in MTDC systems: power sharing, fault management.
• DC grid concepts and the need for DC circuit breakers.
• Future trends in DC grids and supergrids.

Module 9: Harmonics and Filters in HVDC Systems

• Sources of harmonics in HVDC converters.
• Harmonic limits and standards (e.g., IEEE 519).
• Design of AC and DC passive harmonic filters.
• Active filters and their role in harmonic mitigation.
• Impact of harmonics on power quality and adjacent AC systems.

Module 10: HVDC Cable Systems and Insulation Coordination

• Types of HVDC cables: mass impregnated (MI), XLPE, gas-insulated.
• Design considerations for overhead HVDC lines.
• Submarine HVDC cables: installation, challenges, and maintenance.
• Insulation coordination in HVDC systems: overvoltage protection.
• Dielectric strength and aging of HVDC insulation.

Module 11: Modeling and Simulation of HVDC Systems

• Introduction to power system simulation tools for HVDC (e.g., PSCAD/EMTDC, DIgSILENT PowerFactory, MATLAB/Simulink).
• Dynamic modeling of HVDC converters and control systems.
• Performing electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations for HVDC.
• Steady-state and dynamic analysis of HVDC links.
• Analyzing HVDC system behavior under various fault conditions.

Module 12: HVDC for Renewable Energy Integration

• Role of HVDC in integrating large-scale offshore wind farms.
• Connecting remote hydropower sites to load centers.
• Grid code requirements for HVDC-connected renewable power plants.
• Challenges of integrating HVDC with weak AC grids.
• Enhancing grid stability through HVDC for renewable energy.

Module 13: HVDC and Power System Stability

• Contribution of HVDC to damping power oscillations in AC systems.
• HVDC for transient stability enhancement.
• Voltage support and reactive power capabilities of VSC-HVDC.
• Interconnecting asynchronous AC grids to improve overall stability.
• Role of HVDC in black start and system restoration.

Module 14: Economic and Environmental Aspects of HVDC

• Cost-benefit analysis of HVDC vs. HVAC for different applications.
• Environmental impact of HVDC lines and converter stations.
• Right-of-way considerations and land use.
• Reduced losses and carbon footprint of HVDC.
• Lifecycle costs and return on investment for HVDC projects.

Module 15: Emerging Trends and Future of HVDC

• Advances in converter topologies and power electronics devices.
• Hybrid HVDC systems combining LCC and VSC technologies.
• DC microgrids and DC distribution systems.
• Digitalization of HVDC control and monitoring (e.g., digital twins, AI).
• Research and development in compact and modular HVDC solutions.

Training Approach

This course will be delivered by our skilled trainers who have vast knowledge and experience as expert professionals in the fields. The course is taught in English and through a mix of theory, practical activities, group discussion and case studies. Course manuals and additional training materials will be provided to the participants upon completion of the training.

Tailor-Made Course

This course can also be tailor-made to meet organization requirement. For further inquiries, please contact us on: Email: info@skillsforafrica.org, training@skillsforafrica.org  Tel: +254 702 249 449

Training Venue

The training will be held at our Skills for Africa Training Institute Training Centre. We also offer training for a group at requested location all over the world. The course fee covers the course tuition, training materials, two break refreshments, and buffet lunch.

Visa application, travel expenses, airport transfers, dinners, accommodation, insurance, and other personal expenses are catered by the participant

Certification

Participants will be issued with Skills for Africa Training Institute certificate upon completion of this course.

Airport Pickup and Accommodation

Airport pickup and accommodation is arranged upon request. For booking contact our Training Coordinator through Email: info@skillsforafrica.org, training@skillsforafrica.org  Tel: +254 702 249 449

Terms of Payment: Unless otherwise agreed between the two parties’ payment of the course fee should be done 10 working days before commencement of the training.